Arboriculture, also known as tree farming, is a branch of agriculture specialized in the cultivation of trees for the production of fruits, wood, resin, or other derived products. Unlike traditional farming, which focuses on herbaceous plants, arboriculture specifically deals with trees, shrubs, and woody plants. This practice includes the production of fruits such as apples, pears, cherries, as well as other products like nuts, olives, or wood for industry.
Arboriculture requires specific management techniques, tailored to the needs of trees, such as pruning, grafting, irrigation, and disease management. Since the growth cycle of trees is longer than that of annual crops, this type of farming represents a long-term investment. It plays a key role in the agricultural economy of many regions, particularly in temperate and Mediterranean zones, where fruit and olive trees are widely cultivated.
Arboriculture also provides ecological benefits. Trees contribute to water cycle regulation, carbon fixation from the atmosphere, and soil protection against erosion. Moreover, orchards and other arboricultural areas promote biodiversity by serving as habitats for many animal species.
In summary, arboriculture is an essential agricultural activity, offering economic, environmental, and food-related benefits.